sqlglot.dialects.tsql
1from __future__ import annotations 2 3import datetime 4import re 5import typing as t 6 7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms 8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import ( 9 Dialect, 10 NormalizationStrategy, 11 any_value_to_max_sql, 12 date_delta_sql, 13 generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 14 max_or_greatest, 15 min_or_least, 16 build_date_delta, 17 rename_func, 18 timestrtotime_sql, 19 trim_sql, 20) 21from sqlglot.expressions import DataType 22from sqlglot.helper import seq_get 23from sqlglot.time import format_time 24from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType 25 26if t.TYPE_CHECKING: 27 from sqlglot._typing import E 28 29FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 30 "weekday": "%A", 31 "dw": "%A", 32 "w": "%A", 33 "month": "%B", 34 "mm": "%B", 35 "m": "%B", 36} 37 38DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL = { 39 "year": "year", 40 "yyyy": "year", 41 "yy": "year", 42 "quarter": "quarter", 43 "qq": "quarter", 44 "q": "quarter", 45 "month": "month", 46 "mm": "month", 47 "m": "month", 48 "week": "week", 49 "ww": "week", 50 "wk": "week", 51 "day": "day", 52 "dd": "day", 53 "d": "day", 54} 55 56 57DATE_FMT_RE = re.compile("([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})") 58 59# N = Numeric, C=Currency 60TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT = {"N", "C"} 61 62DEFAULT_START_DATE = datetime.date(1900, 1, 1) 63 64BIT_TYPES = {exp.EQ, exp.NEQ, exp.Is, exp.In, exp.Select, exp.Alias} 65 66# Unsupported options: 67# - OPTIMIZE FOR ( @variable_name { UNKNOWN | = <literal_constant> } [ , ...n ] ) 68# - TABLE HINT 69OPTIONS: parser.OPTIONS_TYPE = { 70 **dict.fromkeys( 71 ( 72 "DISABLE_OPTIMIZED_PLAN_FORCING", 73 "FAST", 74 "IGNORE_NONCLUSTERED_COLUMNSTORE_INDEX", 75 "LABEL", 76 "MAXDOP", 77 "MAXRECURSION", 78 "MAX_GRANT_PERCENT", 79 "MIN_GRANT_PERCENT", 80 "NO_PERFORMANCE_SPOOL", 81 "QUERYTRACEON", 82 "RECOMPILE", 83 ), 84 tuple(), 85 ), 86 "CONCAT": ("UNION",), 87 "DISABLE": ("EXTERNALPUSHDOWN", "SCALEOUTEXECUTION"), 88 "EXPAND": ("VIEWS",), 89 "FORCE": ("EXTERNALPUSHDOWN", "ORDER", "SCALEOUTEXECUTION"), 90 "HASH": ("GROUP", "JOIN", "UNION"), 91 "KEEP": ("PLAN",), 92 "KEEPFIXED": ("PLAN",), 93 "LOOP": ("JOIN",), 94 "MERGE": ("JOIN", "UNION"), 95 "OPTIMIZE": (("FOR", "UNKNOWN"),), 96 "ORDER": ("GROUP",), 97 "PARAMETERIZATION": ("FORCED", "SIMPLE"), 98 "ROBUST": ("PLAN",), 99 "USE": ("PLAN",), 100} 101 102OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL = ("MAX_GRANT_PERCENT", "MIN_GRANT_PERCENT", "LABEL") 103 104 105def _build_formatted_time( 106 exp_class: t.Type[E], full_format_mapping: t.Optional[bool] = None 107) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 108 def _builder(args: t.List) -> E: 109 assert len(args) == 2 110 111 return exp_class( 112 this=exp.cast(args[1], "datetime"), 113 format=exp.Literal.string( 114 format_time( 115 args[0].name.lower(), 116 ( 117 {**TSQL.TIME_MAPPING, **FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING} 118 if full_format_mapping 119 else TSQL.TIME_MAPPING 120 ), 121 ) 122 ), 123 ) 124 125 return _builder 126 127 128def _build_format(args: t.List) -> exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr: 129 this = seq_get(args, 0) 130 fmt = seq_get(args, 1) 131 culture = seq_get(args, 2) 132 133 number_fmt = fmt and (fmt.name in TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT or not DATE_FMT_RE.search(fmt.name)) 134 135 if number_fmt: 136 return exp.NumberToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 137 138 if fmt: 139 fmt = exp.Literal.string( 140 format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING) 141 if len(fmt.name) == 1 142 else format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.TIME_MAPPING) 143 ) 144 145 return exp.TimeToStr(this=this, format=fmt, culture=culture) 146 147 148def _build_eomonth(args: t.List) -> exp.LastDay: 149 date = exp.TsOrDsToDate(this=seq_get(args, 0)) 150 month_lag = seq_get(args, 1) 151 152 if month_lag is None: 153 this: exp.Expression = date 154 else: 155 unit = DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL.get("month") 156 this = exp.DateAdd(this=date, expression=month_lag, unit=unit and exp.var(unit)) 157 158 return exp.LastDay(this=this) 159 160 161def _build_hashbytes(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression: 162 kind, data = args 163 kind = kind.name.upper() if kind.is_string else "" 164 165 if kind == "MD5": 166 args.pop(0) 167 return exp.MD5(this=data) 168 if kind in ("SHA", "SHA1"): 169 args.pop(0) 170 return exp.SHA(this=data) 171 if kind == "SHA2_256": 172 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(256)) 173 if kind == "SHA2_512": 174 return exp.SHA2(this=data, length=exp.Literal.number(512)) 175 176 return exp.func("HASHBYTES", *args) 177 178 179DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS = {"DW", "HOUR", "QUARTER"} 180 181 182def _format_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.NumberToStr | exp.TimeToStr) -> str: 183 fmt = expression.args["format"] 184 185 if not isinstance(expression, exp.NumberToStr): 186 if fmt.is_string: 187 mapped_fmt = format_time(fmt.name, TSQL.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING) 188 189 name = (mapped_fmt or "").upper() 190 if name in DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS: 191 return self.func("DATEPART", name, expression.this) 192 193 fmt_sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(mapped_fmt)) 194 else: 195 fmt_sql = self.format_time(expression) or self.sql(fmt) 196 else: 197 fmt_sql = self.sql(fmt) 198 199 return self.func("FORMAT", expression.this, fmt_sql, expression.args.get("culture")) 200 201 202def _string_agg_sql(self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str: 203 this = expression.this 204 distinct = expression.find(exp.Distinct) 205 if distinct: 206 # exp.Distinct can appear below an exp.Order or an exp.GroupConcat expression 207 self.unsupported("T-SQL STRING_AGG doesn't support DISTINCT.") 208 this = distinct.pop().expressions[0] 209 210 order = "" 211 if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Order): 212 if expression.this.this: 213 this = expression.this.this.pop() 214 order = f" WITHIN GROUP ({self.sql(expression.this)[1:]})" # Order has a leading space 215 216 separator = expression.args.get("separator") or exp.Literal.string(",") 217 return f"STRING_AGG({self.format_args(this, separator)}){order}" 218 219 220def _build_date_delta( 221 exp_class: t.Type[E], unit_mapping: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None 222) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]: 223 def _builder(args: t.List) -> E: 224 unit = seq_get(args, 0) 225 if unit and unit_mapping: 226 unit = exp.var(unit_mapping.get(unit.name.lower(), unit.name)) 227 228 start_date = seq_get(args, 1) 229 if start_date and start_date.is_number: 230 # Numeric types are valid DATETIME values 231 if start_date.is_int: 232 adds = DEFAULT_START_DATE + datetime.timedelta(days=int(start_date.this)) 233 start_date = exp.Literal.string(adds.strftime("%F")) 234 else: 235 # We currently don't handle float values, i.e. they're not converted to equivalent DATETIMEs. 236 # This is not a problem when generating T-SQL code, it is when transpiling to other dialects. 237 return exp_class(this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=start_date, unit=unit) 238 239 return exp_class( 240 this=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=seq_get(args, 2)), 241 expression=exp.TimeStrToTime(this=start_date), 242 unit=unit, 243 ) 244 245 return _builder 246 247 248def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression: 249 """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.""" 250 alias = expression.args.get("alias") 251 252 if ( 253 isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery)) 254 and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) 255 and not alias.columns 256 ): 257 from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs 258 259 # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions 260 # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases 261 # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents 262 query = expression.this 263 unaliased_column_indexes = ( 264 i for i, c in enumerate(query.selects) if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias 265 ) 266 267 qualify_outputs(query) 268 269 # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes 270 query_selects = query.selects 271 for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes: 272 alias = query_selects[select_index] 273 column = alias.this 274 if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier): 275 alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted) 276 277 return expression 278 279 280# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/datetimefromparts-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 281def _build_datetimefromparts(args: t.List) -> exp.TimestampFromParts: 282 return exp.TimestampFromParts( 283 year=seq_get(args, 0), 284 month=seq_get(args, 1), 285 day=seq_get(args, 2), 286 hour=seq_get(args, 3), 287 min=seq_get(args, 4), 288 sec=seq_get(args, 5), 289 milli=seq_get(args, 6), 290 ) 291 292 293# https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/functions/timefromparts-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 294def _build_timefromparts(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeFromParts: 295 return exp.TimeFromParts( 296 hour=seq_get(args, 0), 297 min=seq_get(args, 1), 298 sec=seq_get(args, 2), 299 fractions=seq_get(args, 3), 300 precision=seq_get(args, 4), 301 ) 302 303 304def _build_with_arg_as_text( 305 klass: t.Type[exp.Expression], 306) -> t.Callable[[t.List[exp.Expression]], exp.Expression]: 307 def _parse(args: t.List[exp.Expression]) -> exp.Expression: 308 this = seq_get(args, 0) 309 310 if this and not this.is_string: 311 this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT) 312 313 expression = seq_get(args, 1) 314 kwargs = {"this": this} 315 316 if expression: 317 kwargs["expression"] = expression 318 319 return klass(**kwargs) 320 321 return _parse 322 323 324def _json_extract_sql( 325 self: TSQL.Generator, expression: exp.JSONExtract | exp.JSONExtractScalar 326) -> str: 327 json_query = self.func("JSON_QUERY", expression.this, expression.expression) 328 json_value = self.func("JSON_VALUE", expression.this, expression.expression) 329 return self.func("ISNULL", json_query, json_value) 330 331 332class TSQL(Dialect): 333 NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE 334 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 335 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 336 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 337 TYPED_DIVISION = True 338 CONCAT_COALESCE = True 339 340 TIME_MAPPING = { 341 "year": "%Y", 342 "dayofyear": "%j", 343 "day": "%d", 344 "dy": "%d", 345 "y": "%Y", 346 "week": "%W", 347 "ww": "%W", 348 "wk": "%W", 349 "hour": "%h", 350 "hh": "%I", 351 "minute": "%M", 352 "mi": "%M", 353 "n": "%M", 354 "second": "%S", 355 "ss": "%S", 356 "s": "%-S", 357 "millisecond": "%f", 358 "ms": "%f", 359 "weekday": "%W", 360 "dw": "%W", 361 "month": "%m", 362 "mm": "%M", 363 "m": "%-M", 364 "Y": "%Y", 365 "YYYY": "%Y", 366 "YY": "%y", 367 "MMMM": "%B", 368 "MMM": "%b", 369 "MM": "%m", 370 "M": "%-m", 371 "dddd": "%A", 372 "dd": "%d", 373 "d": "%-d", 374 "HH": "%H", 375 "H": "%-H", 376 "h": "%-I", 377 "S": "%f", 378 "yyyy": "%Y", 379 "yy": "%y", 380 } 381 382 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 383 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 384 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 385 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 386 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 387 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 388 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 389 "6": "%d %b %y", 390 "7": "%b %d, %y", 391 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 392 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 393 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 394 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 395 "12": "yymmdd", 396 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 397 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 398 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 399 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 400 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 401 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 402 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 403 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 404 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 405 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 406 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 407 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 408 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 409 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 410 "106": "%d %b %Y", 411 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 412 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 413 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 414 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 415 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 416 "112": "%Y%m%d", 417 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 418 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 419 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 420 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 421 } 422 423 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 424 "y": "%B %Y", 425 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 426 "H": "%-H", 427 "h": "%-I", 428 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 429 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 430 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 431 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 432 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 433 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 434 "M": "%B %-d", 435 "m": "%B %-d", 436 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 437 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 438 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 439 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 440 "t": "%-I:%M", 441 "Y": "%a %Y", 442 } 443 444 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 445 IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"'] 446 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 447 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 448 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 449 450 KEYWORDS = { 451 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 452 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 453 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 454 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 455 "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND, 456 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 457 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 458 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 459 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 460 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 461 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 462 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 463 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 464 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 465 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 466 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 467 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 468 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 469 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 470 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 471 "XML": TokenType.XML, 472 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 473 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 474 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 475 "OPTION": TokenType.OPTION, 476 } 477 478 class Parser(parser.Parser): 479 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 480 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 481 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False 482 STRING_ALIASES = True 483 NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS = False 484 485 QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = { 486 **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS, 487 TokenType.OPTION: lambda self: ("options", self._parse_options()), 488 } 489 490 FUNCTIONS = { 491 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 492 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 493 this=seq_get(args, 1), 494 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 495 position=seq_get(args, 2), 496 ), 497 "DATEADD": build_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 498 "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 499 "DATENAME": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 500 "DATEPART": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr), 501 "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _build_datetimefromparts, 502 "EOMONTH": _build_eomonth, 503 "FORMAT": _build_format, 504 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 505 "HASHBYTES": _build_hashbytes, 506 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 507 "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract), 508 "JSON_VALUE": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar), 509 "LEN": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Length), 510 "LEFT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Left), 511 "RIGHT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Right), 512 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 513 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 514 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 515 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 516 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 517 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 518 "TIMEFROMPARTS": _build_timefromparts, 519 } 520 521 JOIN_HINTS = { 522 "LOOP", 523 "HASH", 524 "MERGE", 525 "REMOTE", 526 } 527 528 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 529 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 530 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 531 DataType.Type.CHAR, 532 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 533 } 534 535 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 536 TokenType.TABLE, 537 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 538 } 539 540 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 541 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 542 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 543 } 544 545 def _parse_options(self) -> t.Optional[t.List[exp.Expression]]: 546 if not self._match(TokenType.OPTION): 547 return None 548 549 def _parse_option() -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 550 option = self._parse_var_from_options(OPTIONS) 551 if not option: 552 return None 553 554 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 555 return self.expression( 556 exp.QueryOption, this=option, expression=self._parse_primary_or_var() 557 ) 558 559 return self._parse_wrapped_csv(_parse_option) 560 561 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 562 """ 563 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 564 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 565 566 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 567 """ 568 return [ 569 ( 570 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 571 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 572 else projection 573 ) 574 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 575 ] 576 577 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 578 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 579 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 580 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 581 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 582 583 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 584 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 585 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 586 """ 587 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 588 589 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 590 this = self._parse_id_var() 591 592 if rollback: 593 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 594 595 durability = None 596 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 597 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 598 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 599 600 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 601 durability = False 602 else: 603 self._match(TokenType.ON) 604 durability = True 605 606 self._match_r_paren() 607 608 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 609 610 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 611 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 612 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 613 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 614 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 615 ] 616 """ 617 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 618 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 619 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 620 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 621 622 return transaction 623 624 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 625 626 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 627 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 628 returns = super()._parse_returns() 629 returns.set("table", table) 630 return returns 631 632 def _parse_convert( 633 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 634 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 635 to = self._parse_types() 636 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 637 this = self._parse_conjunction() 638 639 if not to or not this: 640 return None 641 642 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 643 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 644 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 645 646 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 647 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 648 format_val = self._parse_number() 649 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 650 651 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 652 raise ValueError( 653 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 654 ) 655 656 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 657 658 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 659 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 660 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 661 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 662 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 663 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 664 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 665 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 666 return self.expression( 667 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 668 to=to, 669 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 670 safe=safe, 671 ) 672 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 673 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 674 675 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 676 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 677 678 def _parse_user_defined_function( 679 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 680 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 681 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 682 683 if ( 684 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 685 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 686 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 687 ): 688 return this 689 690 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 691 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 692 693 def _parse_id_var( 694 self, 695 any_token: bool = True, 696 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 697 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 698 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 699 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 700 701 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 702 if this: 703 if is_global: 704 this.set("global", True) 705 elif is_temporary: 706 this.set("temporary", True) 707 708 return this 709 710 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 711 create = super()._parse_create() 712 713 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 714 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 715 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 716 if not create.args.get("properties"): 717 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 718 719 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 720 721 return create 722 723 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 724 index = self._index 725 726 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 727 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 728 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 729 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 730 self._retreat(index) 731 732 return super()._parse_if() 733 734 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 735 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 736 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 737 else: 738 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 739 740 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this) 741 742 def _parse_partition(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Partition]: 743 if not self._match_text_seq("WITH", "(", "PARTITIONS"): 744 return None 745 746 def parse_range(): 747 low = self._parse_bitwise() 748 high = self._parse_bitwise() if self._match_text_seq("TO") else None 749 750 return ( 751 self.expression(exp.PartitionRange, this=low, expression=high) if high else low 752 ) 753 754 partition = self.expression( 755 exp.Partition, expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(parse_range) 756 ) 757 758 self._match_r_paren() 759 760 return partition 761 762 class Generator(generator.Generator): 763 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 764 QUERY_HINTS = False 765 RETURNING_END = False 766 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 767 ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 768 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 769 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 770 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 771 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 772 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = None 773 SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False 774 TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE" 775 SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True 776 JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False 777 778 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 779 exp.Delete, 780 exp.Insert, 781 exp.Merge, 782 exp.Select, 783 exp.Subquery, 784 exp.Union, 785 exp.Update, 786 } 787 788 SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = { 789 exp.JSONPathKey, 790 exp.JSONPathRoot, 791 exp.JSONPathSubscript, 792 } 793 794 TYPE_MAPPING = { 795 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 796 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 797 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 798 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 799 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 800 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 801 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 802 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 803 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 804 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 805 } 806 807 TRANSFORMS = { 808 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 809 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 810 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 811 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 812 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 813 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 814 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 815 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 816 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 817 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 818 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 819 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 820 exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql, 821 exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql, 822 exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this), 823 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 824 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 825 exp.Min: min_or_least, 826 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 827 exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"), 828 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 829 [ 830 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 831 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 832 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 833 ] 834 ), 835 exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func( 836 "CHARINDEX", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position") 837 ), 838 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 839 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 840 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 841 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 842 ), 843 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 844 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 845 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 846 exp.Trim: trim_sql, 847 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 848 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 849 } 850 851 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 852 853 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 854 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 855 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 856 } 857 858 def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str: 859 option = self.sql(expression, "this") 860 value = self.sql(expression, "expression") 861 if value: 862 optional_equal_sign = "= " if option in OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL else "" 863 return f"{option} {optional_equal_sign}{value}" 864 return option 865 866 def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str: 867 cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply") 868 if cross_apply is True: 869 return "CROSS APPLY" 870 if cross_apply is False: 871 return "OUTER APPLY" 872 873 # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately 874 self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.") 875 return "LATERAL" 876 877 def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str: 878 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 879 if nano is not None: 880 nano.pop() 881 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.") 882 883 if expression.args.get("fractions") is None: 884 expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0)) 885 if expression.args.get("precision") is None: 886 expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0)) 887 888 return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 889 890 def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str: 891 zone = expression.args.get("zone") 892 if zone is not None: 893 zone.pop() 894 self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 895 896 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 897 if nano is not None: 898 nano.pop() 899 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 900 901 if expression.args.get("milli") is None: 902 expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0)) 903 904 return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 905 906 def set_operation(self, expression: exp.Union, op: str) -> str: 907 limit = expression.args.get("limit") 908 if limit: 909 return self.sql(expression.limit(limit.pop(), copy=False)) 910 911 return super().set_operation(expression, op) 912 913 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 914 this = expression.this 915 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 916 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 917 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 918 919 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 920 921 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 922 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 923 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 924 925 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 926 927 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 928 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 929 return self.binary(expression, "=") 930 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 931 932 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 933 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 934 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 935 936 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 937 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 938 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 939 ): 940 sql = f"#{sql}" 941 942 return sql 943 944 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 945 kind = expression.kind 946 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 947 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 948 949 like_property = expression.find(exp.LikeProperty) 950 if like_property: 951 ctas_expression = like_property.this 952 else: 953 ctas_expression = expression.expression 954 955 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 956 957 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 958 if kind == "TABLE" and ctas_expression: 959 ctas_with = ctas_expression.args.get("with") 960 if ctas_with: 961 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 962 963 if isinstance(ctas_expression, exp.UNWRAPPED_QUERIES): 964 ctas_expression = ctas_expression.subquery() 965 966 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(ctas_expression, "temp", table=True)) 967 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 968 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 969 970 if like_property: 971 select_into.limit(0, copy=False) 972 973 sql = self.sql(select_into) 974 975 if exists: 976 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 977 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 978 if kind == "SCHEMA": 979 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 980 elif kind == "TABLE": 981 assert table 982 where = exp.and_( 983 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 984 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 985 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 986 ) 987 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 988 elif kind == "INDEX": 989 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 990 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 991 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 992 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 993 994 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 995 996 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 997 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 998 999 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 1000 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 1001 this = f"FOR {name}" 1002 expr = expression.expression 1003 kind = expression.text("kind") 1004 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 1005 args = expr.expressions 1006 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 1007 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 1008 else: 1009 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 1010 1011 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 1012 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 1013 1014 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 1015 table = expression.args.get("table") 1016 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 1017 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 1018 1019 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 1020 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 1021 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 1022 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 1023 1024 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 1025 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1026 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1027 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 1028 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 1029 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 1030 1031 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 1032 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1033 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1034 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 1035 durability = ( 1036 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 1037 if durability is not None 1038 else "" 1039 ) 1040 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 1041 1042 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 1043 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1044 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1045 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 1046 1047 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 1048 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 1049 1050 if expression.args.get("global"): 1051 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 1052 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 1053 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 1054 1055 return identifier 1056 1057 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 1058 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1059 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 1060 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}" 1061 1062 def length_sql(self, expression: exp.Length) -> str: 1063 return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEN") 1064 1065 def right_sql(self, expression: exp.Right) -> str: 1066 return self._uncast_text(expression, "RIGHT") 1067 1068 def left_sql(self, expression: exp.Left) -> str: 1069 return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEFT") 1070 1071 def _uncast_text(self, expression: exp.Expression, name: str) -> str: 1072 this = expression.this 1073 if isinstance(this, exp.Cast) and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT): 1074 this_sql = self.sql(this, "this") 1075 else: 1076 this_sql = self.sql(this) 1077 expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression") 1078 return self.func(name, this_sql, expression_sql if expression_sql else None) 1079 1080 def partition_sql(self, expression: exp.Partition) -> str: 1081 return f"WITH (PARTITIONS({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}))"
FULL_FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'weekday': '%A', 'dw': '%A', 'w': '%A', 'month': '%B', 'mm': '%B', 'm': '%B'}
DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL =
{'year': 'year', 'yyyy': 'year', 'yy': 'year', 'quarter': 'quarter', 'qq': 'quarter', 'q': 'quarter', 'month': 'month', 'mm': 'month', 'm': 'month', 'week': 'week', 'ww': 'week', 'wk': 'week', 'day': 'day', 'dd': 'day', 'd': 'day'}
DATE_FMT_RE =
re.compile('([dD]{1,2})|([mM]{1,2})|([yY]{1,4})|([hH]{1,2})|([sS]{1,2})')
TRANSPILE_SAFE_NUMBER_FMT =
{'N', 'C'}
DEFAULT_START_DATE =
datetime.date(1900, 1, 1)
BIT_TYPES =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>}
OPTIONS: Dict[str, Sequence[Union[Sequence[str], str]]] =
{'DISABLE_OPTIMIZED_PLAN_FORCING': (), 'FAST': (), 'IGNORE_NONCLUSTERED_COLUMNSTORE_INDEX': (), 'LABEL': (), 'MAXDOP': (), 'MAXRECURSION': (), 'MAX_GRANT_PERCENT': (), 'MIN_GRANT_PERCENT': (), 'NO_PERFORMANCE_SPOOL': (), 'QUERYTRACEON': (), 'RECOMPILE': (), 'CONCAT': ('UNION',), 'DISABLE': ('EXTERNALPUSHDOWN', 'SCALEOUTEXECUTION'), 'EXPAND': ('VIEWS',), 'FORCE': ('EXTERNALPUSHDOWN', 'ORDER', 'SCALEOUTEXECUTION'), 'HASH': ('GROUP', 'JOIN', 'UNION'), 'KEEP': ('PLAN',), 'KEEPFIXED': ('PLAN',), 'LOOP': ('JOIN',), 'MERGE': ('JOIN', 'UNION'), 'OPTIMIZE': (('FOR', 'UNKNOWN'),), 'ORDER': ('GROUP',), 'PARAMETERIZATION': ('FORCED', 'SIMPLE'), 'ROBUST': ('PLAN',), 'USE': ('PLAN',)}
OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL =
('MAX_GRANT_PERCENT', 'MIN_GRANT_PERCENT', 'LABEL')
DATEPART_ONLY_FORMATS =
{'QUARTER', 'HOUR', 'DW'}
def
qualify_derived_table_outputs( expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression) -> sqlglot.expressions.Expression:
249def qualify_derived_table_outputs(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression: 250 """Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.""" 251 alias = expression.args.get("alias") 252 253 if ( 254 isinstance(expression, (exp.CTE, exp.Subquery)) 255 and isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias) 256 and not alias.columns 257 ): 258 from sqlglot.optimizer.qualify_columns import qualify_outputs 259 260 # We keep track of the unaliased column projection indexes instead of the expressions 261 # themselves, because the latter are going to be replaced by new nodes when the aliases 262 # are added and hence we won't be able to reach these newly added Alias parents 263 query = expression.this 264 unaliased_column_indexes = ( 265 i for i, c in enumerate(query.selects) if isinstance(c, exp.Column) and not c.alias 266 ) 267 268 qualify_outputs(query) 269 270 # Preserve the quoting information of columns for newly added Alias nodes 271 query_selects = query.selects 272 for select_index in unaliased_column_indexes: 273 alias = query_selects[select_index] 274 column = alias.this 275 if isinstance(column.this, exp.Identifier): 276 alias.args["alias"].set("quoted", column.this.quoted) 277 278 return expression
Ensures all (unnamed) output columns are aliased for CTEs and Subqueries.
333class TSQL(Dialect): 334 NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE 335 TIME_FORMAT = "'yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss'" 336 SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False 337 LOG_BASE_FIRST = False 338 TYPED_DIVISION = True 339 CONCAT_COALESCE = True 340 341 TIME_MAPPING = { 342 "year": "%Y", 343 "dayofyear": "%j", 344 "day": "%d", 345 "dy": "%d", 346 "y": "%Y", 347 "week": "%W", 348 "ww": "%W", 349 "wk": "%W", 350 "hour": "%h", 351 "hh": "%I", 352 "minute": "%M", 353 "mi": "%M", 354 "n": "%M", 355 "second": "%S", 356 "ss": "%S", 357 "s": "%-S", 358 "millisecond": "%f", 359 "ms": "%f", 360 "weekday": "%W", 361 "dw": "%W", 362 "month": "%m", 363 "mm": "%M", 364 "m": "%-M", 365 "Y": "%Y", 366 "YYYY": "%Y", 367 "YY": "%y", 368 "MMMM": "%B", 369 "MMM": "%b", 370 "MM": "%m", 371 "M": "%-m", 372 "dddd": "%A", 373 "dd": "%d", 374 "d": "%-d", 375 "HH": "%H", 376 "H": "%-H", 377 "h": "%-I", 378 "S": "%f", 379 "yyyy": "%Y", 380 "yy": "%y", 381 } 382 383 CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING = { 384 "0": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 385 "1": "%m/%d/%y", 386 "2": "%y.%m.%d", 387 "3": "%d/%m/%y", 388 "4": "%d.%m.%y", 389 "5": "%d-%m-%y", 390 "6": "%d %b %y", 391 "7": "%b %d, %y", 392 "8": "%H:%M:%S", 393 "9": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 394 "10": "mm-dd-yy", 395 "11": "yy/mm/dd", 396 "12": "yymmdd", 397 "13": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f", 398 "14": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 399 "20": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 400 "21": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 401 "22": "%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p", 402 "23": "%Y-%m-%d", 403 "24": "%H:%M:%S", 404 "25": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 405 "100": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p", 406 "101": "%m/%d/%Y", 407 "102": "%Y.%m.%d", 408 "103": "%d/%m/%Y", 409 "104": "%d.%m.%Y", 410 "105": "%d-%m-%Y", 411 "106": "%d %b %Y", 412 "107": "%b %d, %Y", 413 "108": "%H:%M:%S", 414 "109": "%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p", 415 "110": "%m-%d-%Y", 416 "111": "%Y/%m/%d", 417 "112": "%Y%m%d", 418 "113": "%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f", 419 "114": "%H:%M:%S:%f", 420 "120": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 421 "121": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f", 422 } 423 424 FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING = { 425 "y": "%B %Y", 426 "d": "%m/%d/%Y", 427 "H": "%-H", 428 "h": "%-I", 429 "s": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", 430 "D": "%A,%B,%Y", 431 "f": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p", 432 "F": "%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 433 "g": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p", 434 "G": "%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p", 435 "M": "%B %-d", 436 "m": "%B %-d", 437 "O": "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S", 438 "u": "%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z", 439 "U": "%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z", 440 "T": "%-I:%M:%S %p", 441 "t": "%-I:%M", 442 "Y": "%a %Y", 443 } 444 445 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 446 IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"'] 447 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 448 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 449 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 450 451 KEYWORDS = { 452 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 453 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 454 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 455 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 456 "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND, 457 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 458 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 459 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 460 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 461 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 462 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 463 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 464 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 465 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 466 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 467 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 468 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 469 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 470 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 471 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 472 "XML": TokenType.XML, 473 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 474 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 475 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 476 "OPTION": TokenType.OPTION, 477 } 478 479 class Parser(parser.Parser): 480 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 481 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 482 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False 483 STRING_ALIASES = True 484 NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS = False 485 486 QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = { 487 **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS, 488 TokenType.OPTION: lambda self: ("options", self._parse_options()), 489 } 490 491 FUNCTIONS = { 492 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 493 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 494 this=seq_get(args, 1), 495 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 496 position=seq_get(args, 2), 497 ), 498 "DATEADD": build_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 499 "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 500 "DATENAME": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 501 "DATEPART": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr), 502 "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _build_datetimefromparts, 503 "EOMONTH": _build_eomonth, 504 "FORMAT": _build_format, 505 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 506 "HASHBYTES": _build_hashbytes, 507 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 508 "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract), 509 "JSON_VALUE": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar), 510 "LEN": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Length), 511 "LEFT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Left), 512 "RIGHT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Right), 513 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 514 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 515 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 516 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 517 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 518 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 519 "TIMEFROMPARTS": _build_timefromparts, 520 } 521 522 JOIN_HINTS = { 523 "LOOP", 524 "HASH", 525 "MERGE", 526 "REMOTE", 527 } 528 529 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 530 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 531 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 532 DataType.Type.CHAR, 533 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 534 } 535 536 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 537 TokenType.TABLE, 538 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 539 } 540 541 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 542 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 543 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 544 } 545 546 def _parse_options(self) -> t.Optional[t.List[exp.Expression]]: 547 if not self._match(TokenType.OPTION): 548 return None 549 550 def _parse_option() -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 551 option = self._parse_var_from_options(OPTIONS) 552 if not option: 553 return None 554 555 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 556 return self.expression( 557 exp.QueryOption, this=option, expression=self._parse_primary_or_var() 558 ) 559 560 return self._parse_wrapped_csv(_parse_option) 561 562 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 563 """ 564 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 565 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 566 567 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 568 """ 569 return [ 570 ( 571 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 572 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 573 else projection 574 ) 575 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 576 ] 577 578 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 579 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 580 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 581 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 582 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 583 584 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 585 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 586 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 587 """ 588 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 589 590 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 591 this = self._parse_id_var() 592 593 if rollback: 594 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 595 596 durability = None 597 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 598 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 599 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 600 601 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 602 durability = False 603 else: 604 self._match(TokenType.ON) 605 durability = True 606 607 self._match_r_paren() 608 609 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 610 611 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 612 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 613 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 614 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 615 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 616 ] 617 """ 618 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 619 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 620 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 621 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 622 623 return transaction 624 625 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 626 627 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 628 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 629 returns = super()._parse_returns() 630 returns.set("table", table) 631 return returns 632 633 def _parse_convert( 634 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 635 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 636 to = self._parse_types() 637 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 638 this = self._parse_conjunction() 639 640 if not to or not this: 641 return None 642 643 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 644 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 645 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 646 647 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 648 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 649 format_val = self._parse_number() 650 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 651 652 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 653 raise ValueError( 654 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 655 ) 656 657 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 658 659 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 660 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 661 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 662 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 663 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 664 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 665 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 666 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 667 return self.expression( 668 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 669 to=to, 670 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 671 safe=safe, 672 ) 673 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 674 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 675 676 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 677 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 678 679 def _parse_user_defined_function( 680 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 681 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 682 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 683 684 if ( 685 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 686 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 687 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 688 ): 689 return this 690 691 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 692 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 693 694 def _parse_id_var( 695 self, 696 any_token: bool = True, 697 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 698 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 699 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 700 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 701 702 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 703 if this: 704 if is_global: 705 this.set("global", True) 706 elif is_temporary: 707 this.set("temporary", True) 708 709 return this 710 711 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 712 create = super()._parse_create() 713 714 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 715 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 716 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 717 if not create.args.get("properties"): 718 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 719 720 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 721 722 return create 723 724 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 725 index = self._index 726 727 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 728 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 729 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 730 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 731 self._retreat(index) 732 733 return super()._parse_if() 734 735 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 736 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 737 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 738 else: 739 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 740 741 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this) 742 743 def _parse_partition(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Partition]: 744 if not self._match_text_seq("WITH", "(", "PARTITIONS"): 745 return None 746 747 def parse_range(): 748 low = self._parse_bitwise() 749 high = self._parse_bitwise() if self._match_text_seq("TO") else None 750 751 return ( 752 self.expression(exp.PartitionRange, this=low, expression=high) if high else low 753 ) 754 755 partition = self.expression( 756 exp.Partition, expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(parse_range) 757 ) 758 759 self._match_r_paren() 760 761 return partition 762 763 class Generator(generator.Generator): 764 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 765 QUERY_HINTS = False 766 RETURNING_END = False 767 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 768 ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 769 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 770 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 771 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 772 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 773 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = None 774 SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False 775 TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE" 776 SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True 777 JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False 778 779 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 780 exp.Delete, 781 exp.Insert, 782 exp.Merge, 783 exp.Select, 784 exp.Subquery, 785 exp.Union, 786 exp.Update, 787 } 788 789 SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = { 790 exp.JSONPathKey, 791 exp.JSONPathRoot, 792 exp.JSONPathSubscript, 793 } 794 795 TYPE_MAPPING = { 796 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 797 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 798 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 799 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 800 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 801 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 802 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 803 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 804 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 805 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 806 } 807 808 TRANSFORMS = { 809 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 810 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 811 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 812 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 813 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 814 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 815 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 816 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 817 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 818 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 819 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 820 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 821 exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql, 822 exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql, 823 exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this), 824 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 825 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 826 exp.Min: min_or_least, 827 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 828 exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"), 829 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 830 [ 831 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 832 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 833 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 834 ] 835 ), 836 exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func( 837 "CHARINDEX", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position") 838 ), 839 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 840 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 841 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 842 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 843 ), 844 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 845 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 846 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 847 exp.Trim: trim_sql, 848 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 849 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 850 } 851 852 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 853 854 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 855 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 856 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 857 } 858 859 def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str: 860 option = self.sql(expression, "this") 861 value = self.sql(expression, "expression") 862 if value: 863 optional_equal_sign = "= " if option in OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL else "" 864 return f"{option} {optional_equal_sign}{value}" 865 return option 866 867 def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str: 868 cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply") 869 if cross_apply is True: 870 return "CROSS APPLY" 871 if cross_apply is False: 872 return "OUTER APPLY" 873 874 # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately 875 self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.") 876 return "LATERAL" 877 878 def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str: 879 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 880 if nano is not None: 881 nano.pop() 882 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.") 883 884 if expression.args.get("fractions") is None: 885 expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0)) 886 if expression.args.get("precision") is None: 887 expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0)) 888 889 return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 890 891 def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str: 892 zone = expression.args.get("zone") 893 if zone is not None: 894 zone.pop() 895 self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 896 897 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 898 if nano is not None: 899 nano.pop() 900 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 901 902 if expression.args.get("milli") is None: 903 expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0)) 904 905 return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 906 907 def set_operation(self, expression: exp.Union, op: str) -> str: 908 limit = expression.args.get("limit") 909 if limit: 910 return self.sql(expression.limit(limit.pop(), copy=False)) 911 912 return super().set_operation(expression, op) 913 914 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 915 this = expression.this 916 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 917 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 918 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 919 920 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 921 922 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 923 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 924 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 925 926 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 927 928 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 929 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 930 return self.binary(expression, "=") 931 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 932 933 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 934 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 935 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 936 937 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 938 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 939 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 940 ): 941 sql = f"#{sql}" 942 943 return sql 944 945 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 946 kind = expression.kind 947 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 948 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 949 950 like_property = expression.find(exp.LikeProperty) 951 if like_property: 952 ctas_expression = like_property.this 953 else: 954 ctas_expression = expression.expression 955 956 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 957 958 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 959 if kind == "TABLE" and ctas_expression: 960 ctas_with = ctas_expression.args.get("with") 961 if ctas_with: 962 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 963 964 if isinstance(ctas_expression, exp.UNWRAPPED_QUERIES): 965 ctas_expression = ctas_expression.subquery() 966 967 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(ctas_expression, "temp", table=True)) 968 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 969 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 970 971 if like_property: 972 select_into.limit(0, copy=False) 973 974 sql = self.sql(select_into) 975 976 if exists: 977 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 978 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 979 if kind == "SCHEMA": 980 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 981 elif kind == "TABLE": 982 assert table 983 where = exp.and_( 984 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 985 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 986 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 987 ) 988 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 989 elif kind == "INDEX": 990 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 991 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 992 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 993 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 994 995 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 996 997 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 998 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 999 1000 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 1001 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 1002 this = f"FOR {name}" 1003 expr = expression.expression 1004 kind = expression.text("kind") 1005 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 1006 args = expr.expressions 1007 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 1008 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 1009 else: 1010 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 1011 1012 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 1013 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 1014 1015 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 1016 table = expression.args.get("table") 1017 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 1018 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 1019 1020 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 1021 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 1022 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 1023 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 1024 1025 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 1026 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1027 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1028 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 1029 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 1030 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 1031 1032 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 1033 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1034 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1035 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 1036 durability = ( 1037 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 1038 if durability is not None 1039 else "" 1040 ) 1041 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 1042 1043 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 1044 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1045 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1046 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 1047 1048 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 1049 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 1050 1051 if expression.args.get("global"): 1052 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 1053 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 1054 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 1055 1056 return identifier 1057 1058 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 1059 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1060 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 1061 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}" 1062 1063 def length_sql(self, expression: exp.Length) -> str: 1064 return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEN") 1065 1066 def right_sql(self, expression: exp.Right) -> str: 1067 return self._uncast_text(expression, "RIGHT") 1068 1069 def left_sql(self, expression: exp.Left) -> str: 1070 return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEFT") 1071 1072 def _uncast_text(self, expression: exp.Expression, name: str) -> str: 1073 this = expression.this 1074 if isinstance(this, exp.Cast) and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT): 1075 this_sql = self.sql(this, "this") 1076 else: 1077 this_sql = self.sql(this) 1078 expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression") 1079 return self.func(name, this_sql, expression_sql if expression_sql else None) 1080 1081 def partition_sql(self, expression: exp.Partition) -> str: 1082 return f"WITH (PARTITIONS({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}))"
NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY =
<NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>
Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.
TYPED_DIVISION =
True
Whether the behavior of a / b
depends on the types of a
and b
.
False means a / b
is always float division.
True means a / b
is integer division if both a
and b
are integers.
CONCAT_COALESCE =
True
A NULL
arg in CONCAT
yields NULL
by default, but in some dialects it yields an empty string.
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'year': '%Y', 'dayofyear': '%j', 'day': '%d', 'dy': '%d', 'y': '%Y', 'week': '%W', 'ww': '%W', 'wk': '%W', 'hour': '%h', 'hh': '%I', 'minute': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'n': '%M', 'second': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 's': '%-S', 'millisecond': '%f', 'ms': '%f', 'weekday': '%W', 'dw': '%W', 'month': '%m', 'mm': '%M', 'm': '%-M', 'Y': '%Y', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'MMM': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'M': '%-m', 'dddd': '%A', 'dd': '%d', 'd': '%-d', 'HH': '%H', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 'S': '%f', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'yy': '%y'}
Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python strftime
formats.
CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING =
{'0': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '1': '%m/%d/%y', '2': '%y.%m.%d', '3': '%d/%m/%y', '4': '%d.%m.%y', '5': '%d-%m-%y', '6': '%d %b %y', '7': '%b %d, %y', '8': '%H:%M:%S', '9': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '10': 'mm-dd-yy', '11': 'yy/mm/dd', '12': 'yymmdd', '13': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:ss:%f', '14': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '20': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '21': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '22': '%m/%d/%y %-I:%M:%S %p', '23': '%Y-%m-%d', '24': '%H:%M:%S', '25': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '100': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M%p', '101': '%m/%d/%Y', '102': '%Y.%m.%d', '103': '%d/%m/%Y', '104': '%d.%m.%Y', '105': '%d-%m-%Y', '106': '%d %b %Y', '107': '%b %d, %Y', '108': '%H:%M:%S', '109': '%b %d %Y %-I:%M:%S:%f%p', '110': '%m-%d-%Y', '111': '%Y/%m/%d', '112': '%Y%m%d', '113': '%d %b %Y %H:%M:%S:%f', '114': '%H:%M:%S:%f', '120': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '121': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f'}
FORMAT_TIME_MAPPING =
{'y': '%B %Y', 'd': '%m/%d/%Y', 'H': '%-H', 'h': '%-I', 's': '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 'D': '%A,%B,%Y', 'f': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M %p', 'F': '%A,%B,%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'g': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M %p', 'G': '%m/%d/%Y %-I:%M:%S %p', 'M': '%B %-d', 'm': '%B %-d', 'O': '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', 'u': '%Y-%M-%D %H:%M:%S%z', 'U': '%A, %B %D, %Y %H:%M:%S%z', 'T': '%-I:%M:%S %p', 't': '%-I:%M', 'Y': '%a %Y'}
tokenizer_class =
<class 'TSQL.Tokenizer'>
parser_class =
<class 'TSQL.Parser'>
generator_class =
<class 'TSQL.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict =
{'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}, 0: True, 'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'd': {'a': {'y': {'o': {'f': {'y': {'e': {'a': {'r': {0: True}}}}}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'd': {'d': {'d': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'w': {'e': {'e': {'k': {0: True, 'd': {'a': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}, 'w': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}}, 'h': {'o': {'u': {'r': {0: True}}}, 'h': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'm': {'i': {'n': {'u': {'t': {'e': {0: True}}}}, 0: True, 'l': {'l': {'i': {'s': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 'o': {'n': {'t': {'h': {0: True}}}}, 'm': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'n': {0: True}, 's': {'e': {'c': {'o': {'n': {'d': {0: True}}}}}, 's': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'Y': {0: True, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 0: True}, 'H': {'H': {0: True}, 0: True}, 'S': {0: True}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] =
{'%Y': 'yyyy', '%j': 'dayofyear', '%d': 'dd', '%W': 'dw', '%h': 'hour', '%I': 'hh', '%M': 'mm', '%S': 'ss', '%-S': 's', '%f': 'S', '%m': 'MM', '%-M': 'm', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'MMMM', '%b': 'MMM', '%-m': 'M', '%A': 'dddd', '%-d': 'd', '%H': 'HH', '%-H': 'H', '%-I': 'h'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict =
{'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'j': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, '-': {'S': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'f': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'A': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
- Dialect
- INDEX_OFFSET
- WEEK_OFFSET
- UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY
- ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
- TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
- IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
- DPIPE_IS_STRING_CONCAT
- STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
- SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES
- NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS
- NULL_ORDERING
- SAFE_DIVISION
- DATE_FORMAT
- DATEINT_FORMAT
- FORMAT_MAPPING
- ESCAPE_SEQUENCES
- PSEUDOCOLUMNS
- PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN
- get_or_raise
- format_time
- normalize_identifier
- case_sensitive
- can_identify
- quote_identifier
- to_json_path
- parse
- parse_into
- generate
- transpile
- tokenize
- tokenizer
- parser
- generator
445 class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer): 446 IDENTIFIERS = [("[", "]"), '"'] 447 QUOTES = ["'", '"'] 448 HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")] 449 VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"@", "$", "#"} 450 451 KEYWORDS = { 452 **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS, 453 "DATETIME2": TokenType.DATETIME, 454 "DATETIMEOFFSET": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ, 455 "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND, 456 "EXEC": TokenType.COMMAND, 457 "IMAGE": TokenType.IMAGE, 458 "MONEY": TokenType.MONEY, 459 "NTEXT": TokenType.TEXT, 460 "NVARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 461 "PRINT": TokenType.COMMAND, 462 "PROC": TokenType.PROCEDURE, 463 "REAL": TokenType.FLOAT, 464 "ROWVERSION": TokenType.ROWVERSION, 465 "SMALLDATETIME": TokenType.DATETIME, 466 "SMALLMONEY": TokenType.SMALLMONEY, 467 "SQL_VARIANT": TokenType.VARIANT, 468 "TOP": TokenType.TOP, 469 "UNIQUEIDENTIFIER": TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER, 470 "UPDATE STATISTICS": TokenType.COMMAND, 471 "VARCHAR(MAX)": TokenType.TEXT, 472 "XML": TokenType.XML, 473 "OUTPUT": TokenType.RETURNING, 474 "SYSTEM_USER": TokenType.CURRENT_USER, 475 "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT, 476 "OPTION": TokenType.OPTION, 477 }
KEYWORDS =
{'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DATETIME2': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'DATETIMEOFFSET': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXEC': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'IMAGE': <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, 'MONEY': <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, 'NTEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'NVARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'PRINT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PROC': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'ROWVERSION': <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, 'SMALLDATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'SMALLMONEY': <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, 'SQL_VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER': <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, 'UPDATE STATISTICS': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VARCHAR(MAX)': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'XML': <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, 'OUTPUT': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'OPTION': <TokenType.OPTION: 'OPTION'>}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
- Tokenizer
- SINGLE_TOKENS
- BIT_STRINGS
- BYTE_STRINGS
- RAW_STRINGS
- HEREDOC_STRINGS
- UNICODE_STRINGS
- IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
- STRING_ESCAPES
- HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
- HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
- WHITE_SPACE
- COMMANDS
- COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
- NUMERIC_LITERALS
- COMMENTS
- dialect
- reset
- tokenize
- peek
- tokenize_rs
- size
- sql
- tokens
479 class Parser(parser.Parser): 480 SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER = False 481 LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True 482 ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN = False 483 STRING_ALIASES = True 484 NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS = False 485 486 QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS = { 487 **parser.Parser.QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS, 488 TokenType.OPTION: lambda self: ("options", self._parse_options()), 489 } 490 491 FUNCTIONS = { 492 **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS, 493 "CHARINDEX": lambda args: exp.StrPosition( 494 this=seq_get(args, 1), 495 substr=seq_get(args, 0), 496 position=seq_get(args, 2), 497 ), 498 "DATEADD": build_date_delta(exp.DateAdd, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 499 "DATEDIFF": _build_date_delta(exp.DateDiff, unit_mapping=DATE_DELTA_INTERVAL), 500 "DATENAME": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, full_format_mapping=True), 501 "DATEPART": _build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr), 502 "DATETIMEFROMPARTS": _build_datetimefromparts, 503 "EOMONTH": _build_eomonth, 504 "FORMAT": _build_format, 505 "GETDATE": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 506 "HASHBYTES": _build_hashbytes, 507 "ISNULL": exp.Coalesce.from_arg_list, 508 "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract), 509 "JSON_VALUE": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar), 510 "LEN": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Length), 511 "LEFT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Left), 512 "RIGHT": _build_with_arg_as_text(exp.Right), 513 "REPLICATE": exp.Repeat.from_arg_list, 514 "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)), 515 "SYSDATETIME": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list, 516 "SUSER_NAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 517 "SUSER_SNAME": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 518 "SYSTEM_USER": exp.CurrentUser.from_arg_list, 519 "TIMEFROMPARTS": _build_timefromparts, 520 } 521 522 JOIN_HINTS = { 523 "LOOP", 524 "HASH", 525 "MERGE", 526 "REMOTE", 527 } 528 529 VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES = { 530 DataType.Type.NVARCHAR, 531 DataType.Type.VARCHAR, 532 DataType.Type.CHAR, 533 DataType.Type.NCHAR, 534 } 535 536 RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS = parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS - { 537 TokenType.TABLE, 538 *parser.Parser.TYPE_TOKENS, 539 } 540 541 STATEMENT_PARSERS = { 542 **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS, 543 TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_command(), 544 } 545 546 def _parse_options(self) -> t.Optional[t.List[exp.Expression]]: 547 if not self._match(TokenType.OPTION): 548 return None 549 550 def _parse_option() -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 551 option = self._parse_var_from_options(OPTIONS) 552 if not option: 553 return None 554 555 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 556 return self.expression( 557 exp.QueryOption, this=option, expression=self._parse_primary_or_var() 558 ) 559 560 return self._parse_wrapped_csv(_parse_option) 561 562 def _parse_projections(self) -> t.List[exp.Expression]: 563 """ 564 T-SQL supports the syntax alias = expression in the SELECT's projection list, 565 so we transform all parsed Selects to convert their EQ projections into Aliases. 566 567 See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/queries/select-clause-transact-sql?view=sql-server-ver16#syntax 568 """ 569 return [ 570 ( 571 exp.alias_(projection.expression, projection.this.this, copy=False) 572 if isinstance(projection, exp.EQ) and isinstance(projection.this, exp.Column) 573 else projection 574 ) 575 for projection in super()._parse_projections() 576 ] 577 578 def _parse_commit_or_rollback(self) -> exp.Commit | exp.Rollback: 579 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 580 COMMIT [ { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 581 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable ] ] 582 [ WITH ( DELAYED_DURABILITY = { OFF | ON } ) ] 583 584 ROLLBACK { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 585 [ transaction_name | @tran_name_variable 586 | savepoint_name | @savepoint_variable ] 587 """ 588 rollback = self._prev.token_type == TokenType.ROLLBACK 589 590 self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")) 591 this = self._parse_id_var() 592 593 if rollback: 594 return self.expression(exp.Rollback, this=this) 595 596 durability = None 597 if self._match_pair(TokenType.WITH, TokenType.L_PAREN): 598 self._match_text_seq("DELAYED_DURABILITY") 599 self._match(TokenType.EQ) 600 601 if self._match_text_seq("OFF"): 602 durability = False 603 else: 604 self._match(TokenType.ON) 605 durability = True 606 607 self._match_r_paren() 608 609 return self.expression(exp.Commit, this=this, durability=durability) 610 611 def _parse_transaction(self) -> exp.Transaction | exp.Command: 612 """Applies to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database 613 BEGIN { TRAN | TRANSACTION } 614 [ { transaction_name | @tran_name_variable } 615 [ WITH MARK [ 'description' ] ] 616 ] 617 """ 618 if self._match_texts(("TRAN", "TRANSACTION")): 619 transaction = self.expression(exp.Transaction, this=self._parse_id_var()) 620 if self._match_text_seq("WITH", "MARK"): 621 transaction.set("mark", self._parse_string()) 622 623 return transaction 624 625 return self._parse_as_command(self._prev) 626 627 def _parse_returns(self) -> exp.ReturnsProperty: 628 table = self._parse_id_var(any_token=False, tokens=self.RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS) 629 returns = super()._parse_returns() 630 returns.set("table", table) 631 return returns 632 633 def _parse_convert( 634 self, strict: bool, safe: t.Optional[bool] = None 635 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 636 to = self._parse_types() 637 self._match(TokenType.COMMA) 638 this = self._parse_conjunction() 639 640 if not to or not this: 641 return None 642 643 # Retrieve length of datatype and override to default if not specified 644 if seq_get(to.expressions, 0) is None and to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 645 to = exp.DataType.build(to.this, expressions=[exp.Literal.number(30)], nested=False) 646 647 # Check whether a conversion with format is applicable 648 if self._match(TokenType.COMMA): 649 format_val = self._parse_number() 650 format_val_name = format_val.name if format_val else "" 651 652 if format_val_name not in TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING: 653 raise ValueError( 654 f"CONVERT function at T-SQL does not support format style {format_val_name}" 655 ) 656 657 format_norm = exp.Literal.string(TSQL.CONVERT_FORMAT_MAPPING[format_val_name]) 658 659 # Check whether the convert entails a string to date format 660 if to.this == DataType.Type.DATE: 661 return self.expression(exp.StrToDate, this=this, format=format_norm) 662 # Check whether the convert entails a string to datetime format 663 elif to.this == DataType.Type.DATETIME: 664 return self.expression(exp.StrToTime, this=this, format=format_norm) 665 # Check whether the convert entails a date to string format 666 elif to.this in self.VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES: 667 return self.expression( 668 exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, 669 to=to, 670 this=self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm), 671 safe=safe, 672 ) 673 elif to.this == DataType.Type.TEXT: 674 return self.expression(exp.TimeToStr, this=this, format=format_norm) 675 676 # Entails a simple cast without any format requirement 677 return self.expression(exp.Cast if strict else exp.TryCast, this=this, to=to, safe=safe) 678 679 def _parse_user_defined_function( 680 self, kind: t.Optional[TokenType] = None 681 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 682 this = super()._parse_user_defined_function(kind=kind) 683 684 if ( 685 kind == TokenType.FUNCTION 686 or isinstance(this, exp.UserDefinedFunction) 687 or self._match(TokenType.ALIAS, advance=False) 688 ): 689 return this 690 691 expressions = self._parse_csv(self._parse_function_parameter) 692 return self.expression(exp.UserDefinedFunction, this=this, expressions=expressions) 693 694 def _parse_id_var( 695 self, 696 any_token: bool = True, 697 tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None, 698 ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 699 is_temporary = self._match(TokenType.HASH) 700 is_global = is_temporary and self._match(TokenType.HASH) 701 702 this = super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens) 703 if this: 704 if is_global: 705 this.set("global", True) 706 elif is_temporary: 707 this.set("temporary", True) 708 709 return this 710 711 def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command: 712 create = super()._parse_create() 713 714 if isinstance(create, exp.Create): 715 table = create.this.this if isinstance(create.this, exp.Schema) else create.this 716 if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and table.this.args.get("temporary"): 717 if not create.args.get("properties"): 718 create.set("properties", exp.Properties(expressions=[])) 719 720 create.args["properties"].append("expressions", exp.TemporaryProperty()) 721 722 return create 723 724 def _parse_if(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]: 725 index = self._index 726 727 if self._match_text_seq("OBJECT_ID"): 728 self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_string) 729 if self._match_text_seq("IS", "NOT", "NULL") and self._match(TokenType.DROP): 730 return self._parse_drop(exists=True) 731 self._retreat(index) 732 733 return super()._parse_if() 734 735 def _parse_unique(self) -> exp.UniqueColumnConstraint: 736 if self._match_texts(("CLUSTERED", "NONCLUSTERED")): 737 this = self.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS[self._prev.text.upper()](self) 738 else: 739 this = self._parse_schema(self._parse_id_var(any_token=False)) 740 741 return self.expression(exp.UniqueColumnConstraint, this=this) 742 743 def _parse_partition(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Partition]: 744 if not self._match_text_seq("WITH", "(", "PARTITIONS"): 745 return None 746 747 def parse_range(): 748 low = self._parse_bitwise() 749 high = self._parse_bitwise() if self._match_text_seq("TO") else None 750 751 return ( 752 self.expression(exp.PartitionRange, this=low, expression=high) if high else low 753 ) 754 755 partition = self.expression( 756 exp.Partition, expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(parse_range) 757 ) 758 759 self._match_r_paren() 760 761 return partition
Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.
Arguments:
- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS =
{<TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PREWHERE: 'PREWHERE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.OPTION: 'OPTION'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTIONS =
{'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Chr'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <function _build_date_delta.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <function _build_with_arg_as_text.<locals>._parse>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <function _build_with_arg_as_text.<locals>._parse>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <function _build_with_arg_as_text.<locals>._parse>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <function _build_timefromparts>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'CHARINDEX': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATEADD': <function build_date_delta.<locals>._builder>, 'DATENAME': <function _build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEPART': <function _build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIMEFROMPARTS': <function _build_datetimefromparts>, 'EOMONTH': <function _build_eomonth>, 'FORMAT': <function _build_format>, 'GETDATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'HASHBYTES': <function _build_hashbytes>, 'ISNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'JSON_QUERY': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_VALUE': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'REPLICATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'SQUARE': <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSDATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'SUSER_NAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SUSER_SNAME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'SYSTEM_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>}
VAR_LENGTH_DATATYPES =
{<Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>}
RETURNS_TABLE_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS =
{<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function TSQL.Parser.<lambda>>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS =
{<TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>}
SET_TRIE: Dict =
{'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.parser.Parser
- Parser
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
- STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
- NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
- ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
- AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
- TYPE_TOKENS
- SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
- SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
- RESERVED_TOKENS
- DB_CREATABLES
- CREATABLES
- ID_VAR_TOKENS
- INTERVAL_VARS
- COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
- TRIM_TYPES
- FUNC_TOKENS
- CONJUNCTION
- EQUALITY
- COMPARISON
- BITWISE
- TERM
- FACTOR
- EXPONENT
- TIMES
- TIMESTAMPS
- SET_OPERATIONS
- JOIN_METHODS
- JOIN_SIDES
- JOIN_KINDS
- LAMBDAS
- COLUMN_OPERATORS
- EXPRESSION_PARSERS
- UNARY_PARSERS
- PRIMARY_PARSERS
- PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
- RANGE_PARSERS
- PROPERTY_PARSERS
- CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
- ALTER_PARSERS
- SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
- NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
- INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
- FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
- KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
- FUNCTION_PARSERS
- SET_PARSERS
- SHOW_PARSERS
- TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
- DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
- PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
- TRANSACTION_KIND
- TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
- USABLES
- INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
- CLONE_KEYWORDS
- HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
- OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
- OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
- TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
- WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
- WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
- WINDOW_SIDES
- JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
- FETCH_TOKENS
- ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
- DISTINCT_TOKENS
- NULL_TOKENS
- UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
- STRICT_CAST
- PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
- IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
- TABLESAMPLE_CSV
- TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
- MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_UNION
- UNION_MODIFIERS
- JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
- VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
- SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
- error_level
- error_message_context
- max_errors
- dialect
- reset
- parse
- parse_into
- check_errors
- raise_error
- expression
- validate_expression
- errors
- sql
763 class Generator(generator.Generator): 764 LIMIT_IS_TOP = True 765 QUERY_HINTS = False 766 RETURNING_END = False 767 NVL2_SUPPORTED = False 768 ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD = False 769 LIMIT_FETCH = "FETCH" 770 COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE = False 771 CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED = False 772 ENSURE_BOOLS = True 773 NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = None 774 SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False 775 TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD = "REPEATABLE" 776 SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO = True 777 JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED = False 778 779 EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES = { 780 exp.Delete, 781 exp.Insert, 782 exp.Merge, 783 exp.Select, 784 exp.Subquery, 785 exp.Union, 786 exp.Update, 787 } 788 789 SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = { 790 exp.JSONPathKey, 791 exp.JSONPathRoot, 792 exp.JSONPathSubscript, 793 } 794 795 TYPE_MAPPING = { 796 **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING, 797 exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BIT", 798 exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC", 799 exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "DATETIME2", 800 exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT", 801 exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER", 802 exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR(MAX)", 803 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME2", 804 exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "DATETIMEOFFSET", 805 exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "SQL_VARIANT", 806 } 807 808 TRANSFORMS = { 809 **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS, 810 exp.AnyValue: any_value_to_max_sql, 811 exp.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint: lambda *_: "IDENTITY", 812 exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"), 813 exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 814 exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 815 exp.CurrentDate: rename_func("GETDATE"), 816 exp.CurrentTimestamp: rename_func("GETDATE"), 817 exp.Extract: rename_func("DATEPART"), 818 exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint: generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql, 819 exp.GroupConcat: _string_agg_sql, 820 exp.If: rename_func("IIF"), 821 exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql, 822 exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql, 823 exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("EOMONTH", e.this), 824 exp.Max: max_or_greatest, 825 exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("MD5"), e.this), 826 exp.Min: min_or_least, 827 exp.NumberToStr: _format_sql, 828 exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.sql(e, "this"), 829 exp.Select: transforms.preprocess( 830 [ 831 transforms.eliminate_distinct_on, 832 transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins, 833 transforms.eliminate_qualify, 834 ] 835 ), 836 exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: self.func( 837 "CHARINDEX", e.args.get("substr"), e.this, e.args.get("position") 838 ), 839 exp.Subquery: transforms.preprocess([qualify_derived_table_outputs]), 840 exp.SHA: lambda self, e: self.func("HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string("SHA1"), e.this), 841 exp.SHA2: lambda self, e: self.func( 842 "HASHBYTES", exp.Literal.string(f"SHA2_{e.args.get('length', 256)}"), e.this 843 ), 844 exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda self, e: "", 845 exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql, 846 exp.TimeToStr: _format_sql, 847 exp.Trim: trim_sql, 848 exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True), 849 exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"), 850 } 851 852 TRANSFORMS.pop(exp.ReturnsProperty) 853 854 PROPERTIES_LOCATION = { 855 **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION, 856 exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED, 857 } 858 859 def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str: 860 option = self.sql(expression, "this") 861 value = self.sql(expression, "expression") 862 if value: 863 optional_equal_sign = "= " if option in OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL else "" 864 return f"{option} {optional_equal_sign}{value}" 865 return option 866 867 def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str: 868 cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply") 869 if cross_apply is True: 870 return "CROSS APPLY" 871 if cross_apply is False: 872 return "OUTER APPLY" 873 874 # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately 875 self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.") 876 return "LATERAL" 877 878 def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str: 879 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 880 if nano is not None: 881 nano.pop() 882 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.") 883 884 if expression.args.get("fractions") is None: 885 expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0)) 886 if expression.args.get("precision") is None: 887 expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0)) 888 889 return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 890 891 def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str: 892 zone = expression.args.get("zone") 893 if zone is not None: 894 zone.pop() 895 self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 896 897 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 898 if nano is not None: 899 nano.pop() 900 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 901 902 if expression.args.get("milli") is None: 903 expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0)) 904 905 return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression) 906 907 def set_operation(self, expression: exp.Union, op: str) -> str: 908 limit = expression.args.get("limit") 909 if limit: 910 return self.sql(expression.limit(limit.pop(), copy=False)) 911 912 return super().set_operation(expression, op) 913 914 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 915 this = expression.this 916 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 917 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 918 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 919 920 return super().setitem_sql(expression) 921 922 def boolean_sql(self, expression: exp.Boolean) -> str: 923 if type(expression.parent) in BIT_TYPES: 924 return "1" if expression.this else "0" 925 926 return "(1 = 1)" if expression.this else "(1 = 0)" 927 928 def is_sql(self, expression: exp.Is) -> str: 929 if isinstance(expression.expression, exp.Boolean): 930 return self.binary(expression, "=") 931 return self.binary(expression, "IS") 932 933 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 934 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 935 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 936 937 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 938 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 939 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 940 ): 941 sql = f"#{sql}" 942 943 return sql 944 945 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 946 kind = expression.kind 947 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 948 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 949 950 like_property = expression.find(exp.LikeProperty) 951 if like_property: 952 ctas_expression = like_property.this 953 else: 954 ctas_expression = expression.expression 955 956 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 957 958 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 959 if kind == "TABLE" and ctas_expression: 960 ctas_with = ctas_expression.args.get("with") 961 if ctas_with: 962 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 963 964 if isinstance(ctas_expression, exp.UNWRAPPED_QUERIES): 965 ctas_expression = ctas_expression.subquery() 966 967 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(ctas_expression, "temp", table=True)) 968 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 969 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 970 971 if like_property: 972 select_into.limit(0, copy=False) 973 974 sql = self.sql(select_into) 975 976 if exists: 977 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 978 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 979 if kind == "SCHEMA": 980 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 981 elif kind == "TABLE": 982 assert table 983 where = exp.and_( 984 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 985 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 986 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 987 ) 988 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 989 elif kind == "INDEX": 990 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 991 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 992 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 993 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 994 995 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql) 996 997 def offset_sql(self, expression: exp.Offset) -> str: 998 return f"{super().offset_sql(expression)} ROWS" 999 1000 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 1001 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 1002 this = f"FOR {name}" 1003 expr = expression.expression 1004 kind = expression.text("kind") 1005 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 1006 args = expr.expressions 1007 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 1008 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 1009 else: 1010 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 1011 1012 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 1013 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}" 1014 1015 def returnsproperty_sql(self, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str: 1016 table = expression.args.get("table") 1017 table = f"{table} " if table else "" 1018 return f"RETURNS {table}{self.sql(expression, 'this')}" 1019 1020 def returning_sql(self, expression: exp.Returning) -> str: 1021 into = self.sql(expression, "into") 1022 into = self.seg(f"INTO {into}") if into else "" 1023 return f"{self.seg('OUTPUT')} {self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}{into}" 1024 1025 def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str: 1026 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1027 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1028 mark = self.sql(expression, "mark") 1029 mark = f" WITH MARK {mark}" if mark else "" 1030 return f"BEGIN TRANSACTION{this}{mark}" 1031 1032 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 1033 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1034 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1035 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 1036 durability = ( 1037 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 1038 if durability is not None 1039 else "" 1040 ) 1041 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}" 1042 1043 def rollback_sql(self, expression: exp.Rollback) -> str: 1044 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1045 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1046 return f"ROLLBACK TRANSACTION{this}" 1047 1048 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 1049 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 1050 1051 if expression.args.get("global"): 1052 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 1053 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 1054 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 1055 1056 return identifier 1057 1058 def constraint_sql(self, expression: exp.Constraint) -> str: 1059 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1060 expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True, sep=" ") 1061 return f"CONSTRAINT {this} {expressions}" 1062 1063 def length_sql(self, expression: exp.Length) -> str: 1064 return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEN") 1065 1066 def right_sql(self, expression: exp.Right) -> str: 1067 return self._uncast_text(expression, "RIGHT") 1068 1069 def left_sql(self, expression: exp.Left) -> str: 1070 return self._uncast_text(expression, "LEFT") 1071 1072 def _uncast_text(self, expression: exp.Expression, name: str) -> str: 1073 this = expression.this 1074 if isinstance(this, exp.Cast) and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.TEXT): 1075 this_sql = self.sql(this, "this") 1076 else: 1077 this_sql = self.sql(this) 1078 expression_sql = self.sql(expression, "expression") 1079 return self.func(name, this_sql, expression_sql if expression_sql else None) 1080 1081 def partition_sql(self, expression: exp.Partition) -> str: 1082 return f"WITH (PARTITIONS({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)}))"
Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.
Arguments:
- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True
EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Insert'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Delete'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Update'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Merge'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>}
TYPE_MAPPING =
{<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BIT', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR(MAX)', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME2', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'DATETIMEOFFSET', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'SQL_VARIANT'}
TRANSFORMS =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function any_value_to_max_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementColumnConstraint'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint'>: <function generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function _string_agg_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Subquery'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function TSQL.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function _format_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function trim_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION =
{<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>}
859 def queryoption_sql(self, expression: exp.QueryOption) -> str: 860 option = self.sql(expression, "this") 861 value = self.sql(expression, "expression") 862 if value: 863 optional_equal_sign = "= " if option in OPTIONS_THAT_REQUIRE_EQUAL else "" 864 return f"{option} {optional_equal_sign}{value}" 865 return option
867 def lateral_op(self, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str: 868 cross_apply = expression.args.get("cross_apply") 869 if cross_apply is True: 870 return "CROSS APPLY" 871 if cross_apply is False: 872 return "OUTER APPLY" 873 874 # TODO: perhaps we can check if the parent is a Join and transpile it appropriately 875 self.unsupported("LATERAL clause is not supported.") 876 return "LATERAL"
878 def timefromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeFromParts) -> str: 879 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 880 if nano is not None: 881 nano.pop() 882 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in TIMEFROMPARTS.") 883 884 if expression.args.get("fractions") is None: 885 expression.set("fractions", exp.Literal.number(0)) 886 if expression.args.get("precision") is None: 887 expression.set("precision", exp.Literal.number(0)) 888 889 return rename_func("TIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
891 def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str: 892 zone = expression.args.get("zone") 893 if zone is not None: 894 zone.pop() 895 self.unsupported("Time zone is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 896 897 nano = expression.args.get("nano") 898 if nano is not None: 899 nano.pop() 900 self.unsupported("Specifying nanoseconds is not supported in DATETIMEFROMPARTS.") 901 902 if expression.args.get("milli") is None: 903 expression.set("milli", exp.Literal.number(0)) 904 905 return rename_func("DATETIMEFROMPARTS")(self, expression)
914 def setitem_sql(self, expression: exp.SetItem) -> str: 915 this = expression.this 916 if isinstance(this, exp.EQ) and not isinstance(this.left, exp.Parameter): 917 # T-SQL does not use '=' in SET command, except when the LHS is a variable. 918 return f"{self.sql(this.left)} {self.sql(this.right)}" 919 920 return super().setitem_sql(expression)
933 def createable_sql(self, expression: exp.Create, locations: t.DefaultDict) -> str: 934 sql = self.sql(expression, "this") 935 properties = expression.args.get("properties") 936 937 if sql[:1] != "#" and any( 938 isinstance(prop, exp.TemporaryProperty) 939 for prop in (properties.expressions if properties else []) 940 ): 941 sql = f"#{sql}" 942 943 return sql
945 def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str: 946 kind = expression.kind 947 exists = expression.args.pop("exists", None) 948 sql = super().create_sql(expression) 949 950 like_property = expression.find(exp.LikeProperty) 951 if like_property: 952 ctas_expression = like_property.this 953 else: 954 ctas_expression = expression.expression 955 956 table = expression.find(exp.Table) 957 958 # Convert CTAS statement to SELECT .. INTO .. 959 if kind == "TABLE" and ctas_expression: 960 ctas_with = ctas_expression.args.get("with") 961 if ctas_with: 962 ctas_with = ctas_with.pop() 963 964 if isinstance(ctas_expression, exp.UNWRAPPED_QUERIES): 965 ctas_expression = ctas_expression.subquery() 966 967 select_into = exp.select("*").from_(exp.alias_(ctas_expression, "temp", table=True)) 968 select_into.set("into", exp.Into(this=table)) 969 select_into.set("with", ctas_with) 970 971 if like_property: 972 select_into.limit(0, copy=False) 973 974 sql = self.sql(select_into) 975 976 if exists: 977 identifier = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(exp.table_name(table) if table else "")) 978 sql = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(sql)) 979 if kind == "SCHEMA": 980 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.schemata WHERE schema_name = {identifier}) EXEC({sql})""" 981 elif kind == "TABLE": 982 assert table 983 where = exp.and_( 984 exp.column("table_name").eq(table.name), 985 exp.column("table_schema").eq(table.db) if table.db else None, 986 exp.column("table_catalog").eq(table.catalog) if table.catalog else None, 987 ) 988 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables WHERE {where}) EXEC({sql})""" 989 elif kind == "INDEX": 990 index = self.sql(exp.Literal.string(expression.this.text("this"))) 991 sql = f"""IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = object_id({identifier}) AND name = {index}) EXEC({sql})""" 992 elif expression.args.get("replace"): 993 sql = sql.replace("CREATE OR REPLACE ", "CREATE OR ALTER ", 1) 994 995 return self.prepend_ctes(expression, sql)
1000 def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str: 1001 name = "SYSTEM_TIME" if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP" else expression.name 1002 this = f"FOR {name}" 1003 expr = expression.expression 1004 kind = expression.text("kind") 1005 if kind in ("FROM", "BETWEEN"): 1006 args = expr.expressions 1007 sep = "TO" if kind == "FROM" else "AND" 1008 expr_sql = f"{self.sql(seq_get(args, 0))} {sep} {self.sql(seq_get(args, 1))}" 1009 else: 1010 expr_sql = self.sql(expr) 1011 1012 expr_sql = f" {expr_sql}" if expr_sql else "" 1013 return f"{this} {kind}{expr_sql}"
1032 def commit_sql(self, expression: exp.Commit) -> str: 1033 this = self.sql(expression, "this") 1034 this = f" {this}" if this else "" 1035 durability = expression.args.get("durability") 1036 durability = ( 1037 f" WITH (DELAYED_DURABILITY = {'ON' if durability else 'OFF'})" 1038 if durability is not None 1039 else "" 1040 ) 1041 return f"COMMIT TRANSACTION{this}{durability}"
1048 def identifier_sql(self, expression: exp.Identifier) -> str: 1049 identifier = super().identifier_sql(expression) 1050 1051 if expression.args.get("global"): 1052 identifier = f"##{identifier}" 1053 elif expression.args.get("temporary"): 1054 identifier = f"#{identifier}" 1055 1056 return identifier
Inherited Members
- sqlglot.generator.Generator
- Generator
- IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
- LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
- EXPLICIT_UNION
- WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
- CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
- MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
- SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
- INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
- LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS
- RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
- GROUPINGS_SEP
- INDEX_ON
- JOIN_HINTS
- TABLE_HINTS
- QUERY_HINT_SEP
- IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
- DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
- COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
- EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
- TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
- VALUES_AS_TABLE
- UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
- AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
- SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
- SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
- TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
- TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
- TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
- TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
- COLLATE_IS_FUNC
- DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
- LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
- SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
- UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
- JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
- INSERT_OVERWRITE
- SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
- SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
- LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
- MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
- JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
- JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
- CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
- STAR_MAPPING
- TIME_PART_SINGULARS
- TOKEN_MAPPING
- STRUCT_DELIMITER
- PARAMETER_TOKEN
- NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
- RESERVED_KEYWORDS
- WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
- EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
- UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
- SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
- pretty
- identify
- normalize
- pad
- unsupported_level
- max_unsupported
- leading_comma
- max_text_width
- comments
- dialect
- normalize_functions
- unsupported_messages
- generate
- preprocess
- unsupported
- sep
- seg
- pad_comment
- maybe_comment
- wrap
- no_identify
- normalize_func
- indent
- sql
- uncache_sql
- cache_sql
- characterset_sql
- column_sql
- columnposition_sql
- columndef_sql
- columnconstraint_sql
- computedcolumnconstraint_sql
- autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
- compresscolumnconstraint_sql
- generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
- generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
- periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
- notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
- transformcolumnconstraint_sql
- primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
- uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
- clone_sql
- describe_sql
- heredoc_sql
- prepend_ctes
- with_sql
- cte_sql
- tablealias_sql
- bitstring_sql
- hexstring_sql
- bytestring_sql
- unicodestring_sql
- rawstring_sql
- datatypeparam_sql
- datatype_sql
- directory_sql
- delete_sql
- drop_sql
- except_sql
- except_op
- fetch_sql
- filter_sql
- hint_sql
- index_sql
- inputoutputformat_sql
- national_sql
- properties_sql
- root_properties
- properties
- with_properties
- locate_properties
- property_name
- property_sql
- likeproperty_sql
- fallbackproperty_sql
- journalproperty_sql
- freespaceproperty_sql
- checksumproperty_sql
- mergeblockratioproperty_sql
- datablocksizeproperty_sql
- blockcompressionproperty_sql
- isolatedloadingproperty_sql
- partitionboundspec_sql
- partitionedofproperty_sql
- lockingproperty_sql
- withdataproperty_sql
- withsystemversioningproperty_sql
- insert_sql
- intersect_sql
- intersect_op
- introducer_sql
- kill_sql
- pseudotype_sql
- objectidentifier_sql
- onconflict_sql
- rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
- withtablehint_sql
- indextablehint_sql
- historicaldata_sql
- table_parts
- table_sql
- tablesample_sql
- pivot_sql
- tuple_sql
- update_sql
- values_sql
- var_sql
- into_sql
- from_sql
- group_sql
- having_sql
- connect_sql
- prior_sql
- join_sql
- lambda_sql
- lateral_sql
- limit_sql
- set_sql
- pragma_sql
- lock_sql
- literal_sql
- escape_str
- loaddata_sql
- null_sql
- order_sql
- withfill_sql
- cluster_sql
- distribute_sql
- sort_sql
- ordered_sql
- matchrecognize_sql
- query_modifiers
- offset_limit_modifiers
- after_having_modifiers
- after_limit_modifiers
- select_sql
- schema_sql
- schema_columns_sql
- star_sql
- parameter_sql
- sessionparameter_sql
- placeholder_sql
- subquery_sql
- qualify_sql
- union_sql
- union_op
- unnest_sql
- prewhere_sql
- where_sql
- window_sql
- partition_by_sql
- windowspec_sql
- withingroup_sql
- between_sql
- bracket_sql
- all_sql
- any_sql
- exists_sql
- case_sql
- nextvaluefor_sql
- extract_sql
- trim_sql
- convert_concat_args
- concat_sql
- concatws_sql
- check_sql
- foreignkey_sql
- primarykey_sql
- if_sql
- matchagainst_sql
- jsonkeyvalue_sql
- jsonpath_sql
- json_path_part
- formatjson_sql
- jsonobject_sql
- jsonobjectagg_sql
- jsonarray_sql
- jsonarrayagg_sql
- jsoncolumndef_sql
- jsonschema_sql
- jsontable_sql
- openjsoncolumndef_sql
- openjson_sql
- in_sql
- in_unnest_op
- interval_sql
- return_sql
- reference_sql
- anonymous_sql
- paren_sql
- neg_sql
- not_sql
- alias_sql
- pivotalias_sql
- aliases_sql
- atindex_sql
- attimezone_sql
- fromtimezone_sql
- add_sql
- and_sql
- xor_sql
- connector_sql
- bitwiseand_sql
- bitwiseleftshift_sql
- bitwisenot_sql
- bitwiseor_sql
- bitwiserightshift_sql
- bitwisexor_sql
- cast_sql
- currentdate_sql
- currenttimestamp_sql
- collate_sql
- command_sql
- comment_sql
- mergetreettlaction_sql
- mergetreettl_sql
- altercolumn_sql
- renametable_sql
- renamecolumn_sql
- altertable_sql
- add_column_sql
- droppartition_sql
- addconstraint_sql
- distinct_sql
- ignorenulls_sql
- respectnulls_sql
- havingmax_sql
- intdiv_sql
- dpipe_sql
- div_sql
- overlaps_sql
- distance_sql
- dot_sql
- eq_sql
- propertyeq_sql
- escape_sql
- glob_sql
- gt_sql
- gte_sql
- ilike_sql
- ilikeany_sql
- like_sql
- likeany_sql
- similarto_sql
- lt_sql
- lte_sql
- mod_sql
- mul_sql
- neq_sql
- nullsafeeq_sql
- nullsafeneq_sql
- or_sql
- slice_sql
- sub_sql
- trycast_sql
- log_sql
- use_sql
- binary
- function_fallback_sql
- func
- format_args
- text_width
- format_time
- expressions
- op_expressions
- naked_property
- tag_sql
- token_sql
- userdefinedfunction_sql
- joinhint_sql
- kwarg_sql
- when_sql
- merge_sql
- tochar_sql
- dictproperty_sql
- dictrange_sql
- dictsubproperty_sql
- oncluster_sql
- clusteredbyproperty_sql
- anyvalue_sql
- querytransform_sql
- indexconstraintoption_sql
- checkcolumnconstraint_sql
- indexcolumnconstraint_sql
- nvl2_sql
- comprehension_sql
- columnprefix_sql
- opclass_sql
- predict_sql
- forin_sql
- refresh_sql
- operator_sql
- toarray_sql
- tsordstotime_sql
- tsordstodate_sql
- unixdate_sql
- lastday_sql
- arrayany_sql
- generateseries_sql
- struct_sql
- partitionrange_sql
- truncatetable_sql